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expression vector
An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for protein expression in cells. The vector is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell, and can commandeer the cell's mechanism for protein synthesis to produce the protein encoded by the gene. Expression vectors are the basic tools in biotechnology for the production of proteins.
The plasmid is engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as enhancer and promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector.〔(sci.sdsu.edu )〕 The goal of a well-designed expression vector is the efficient production of protein, and this may be achieved by the production of significant amount of stable messenger RNA, which can then be translated into protein. The expression of protein may be tightly controlled and protein is only produced in significant quantity when necessary through the use of an inducer, in some systems however the protein may be expressed constitutively. ''Escherichia coli'' is commonly used as the host for protein expression, but other cell types may also be used. An example of the use of expression vector is the production of insulin, which is used for medical treatments of diabetes.
==Elements of expression vectors==
An expression vector has features that any vector may have, such as an origin of replication, a selectable marker, and a suitable site for the insertion of a gene such as the multiple cloning site. The cloned gene may be transferred from a specialized cloning vector to an expression vector, although it is possible to clone directly into an expression vector. The cloning process is normally performed in ''Escherichia coli'', and vectors used for protein expression in organisms other than ''E.coli'' may have, in addition to a suitable origin of replication for its propagation in ''E. coli'', elements that allow them to be maintained in another organism, and these vectors are called shuttle vectors.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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